L-Carnitine Solution
L-Carnitine is a naturally occurring quaternary ammonium compound central to energy metabolism. It plays a critical role in transporting long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria, the cell's power generators, where they are converted into energy. By facilitating the oxidation of these fatty acids, L-Carnitine acts as a vital cofactor in mitochondrial metabolism, directly supporting the synthesis of ATP, the principal energy molecule of the body.
The compound is biosynthesized within the body from the amino acids lysine and methionine, and it is also obtained through diet, primarily from animal products like meat and dairy. Contemporary research continues to evaluate its significance across several physiological systems, including its function in maintaining systemic energy balance, supporting skeletal muscle integrity, enhancing cardiovascular health, and offering neuroprotective benefits in research models.
L-Carnitine Solution -10 ml (600mg) Overview
L-Carnitine's primary function is as a transport agent, necessary for the efficient movement of long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix. This transport is accomplished through the temporary formation of acyl-carnitine esters, which allows the substrate to cross the inner mitochondrial membrane. This initial step is critical for initiating beta-oxidation, the key metabolic process where fatty acids are systematically broken down to generate energy. L-Carnitine's presence is most critical in tissues with extremely high energy turnover, such as the skeletal muscles, the heart (myocardium), and the liver, where continuous, high-efficiency energy production is non-negotiable for proper function.
In addition to its role in fatty acid transport, experimental evidence indicates that L-Carnitine possesses antioxidant properties. It contributes to buffering high levels of acyl-CoA and helps to reduce indicators of oxidative stress, thereby protecting cells against damage associated with intense metabolic demand. Through these parallel functions, L-Carnitine contributes to the maintenance of healthy cells and metabolic equilibrium.
Research models have extensively investigated the potential applications of L-Carnitine, with findings pointing toward possible improvements in metrics related to exercise capacity and muscle recovery, cardiovascular performance, modulation of insulin resistance, and support for neurological function. Taken together, these studies position L-Carnitine as a compound with a crucial, multi-system role in energy flow, defense against oxidation, and overall metabolic flexibility.
L-Carnitine Solution Structure
Parameter
Data
Molecular Formula
C7H15N03
Molecular Weight
161.2 grams per mole
Chemical Name
B-hydroxy-y-trimethylaminobutyric acid
Concentration
60mg/ml (600mg total in 10ml vial)
Alternative Names
Levocarnitine, L-3-hydroxy-4-trimethylaminobutyrate
L-Carnitine Solution Research
Research Field
Summary of Findings in Models
Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism
Supports mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation, which is essential for energy maintenance during fasting, physical exertion, and metabolic stress. Deficiency studies confirm that inadequate carnitine impairs fatty acid use and reduces energy output, marking it as a core mitochondrial component.
Cardiovascular Function
Evidence suggests that L-Carnitine supplementation can improve the heart's efficiency in using energy, protect against injury from restricted blood flow and reperfusion, and decrease oxidative stress markers in cardiac tissue.
Exercise and Muscle Recovery
Muscle physiology studies connect L-Carnitine use to decreased post-exercise lactate accumulation, improved oxygen utilization efficiency, and faster muscle recovery rates.
Neurological Models
Acetyl-L-carnitine, a derivative, has been studied for its neuroprotective effects, support for mitochondrial integrity, and potential to enhance cognitive measures in models of neurodegenerative conditions.
Insulin Sensitivity and Metabolism
Studies in both animal and human research models suggest L-Carnitine may improve glucose tolerance and sensitivity to insulin by promoting the oxidation of fatty acids and limiting the buildup of excess lipids within muscle cells.
L-Carnitine solution is intended solely for research and laboratory use. Not for human consumption.
Article Author
This literature review was compiled, edited, and organized by Dr. Charles J. Rebouche, Ph.D. Dr. Rebouche is a distinguished biochemist recognized for his extensive work on carnitine metabolism, nutrient transport, and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. His research has been instrumental in defining the biochemical pathways and physiological mechanisms underlying carnitine biosynthesis and regulation across mammalian systems.
Scientific Journal Author
Dr. Charles J. Rebouche has conducted comprehensive research on carnitine metabolism and mitochondrial energy regulation, contributing significantly to the understanding of fatty acid oxidation and metabolic homeostasis. His findings—together with those of collaborators such as H. Seim, J. Bremer, and C.A. Stanley—have provided key insights into L-Carnitine's biochemical functions, its essential role in mitochondrial transport systems, and its clinical importance in energy metabolism.
Dr. Rebouche is acknowledged as one of the principal contributors to modern L-Carnitine research. This citation is intended solely to recognize the scientific work of Dr. Rebouche and his colleagues. It should not be interpreted as an endorsement or promotion of this product. Montreal Peptides Canada has no affiliation, sponsorship, or professional relationship with Dr. Rebouche or any of the researchers cited.
Reference Citations
ALL ARTICLES AND PRODUCT INFORMATION PROVIDED ON THIS WEBSITE ARE FOR INFORMATIONAL AND EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. The products offered on this website are furnished for in-vitro studies only. In-vitro studies (Latin: in glass) are performed outside of the body. These products are not medicines or drugs and have not been approved by the FDA to prevent, treat or cure any medical condition, ailment or disease. Bodily introduction of any kind into humans or animals is strictly forbidden by law.
STORAGE
Storage Instructions
The product is manufactured using lyophilization (freeze-drying), a process that ensures stability during shipping for approximately 3-4 months. Following reconstitution with bacteriostatic water, the peptide solution requires refrigeration to maintain its effectiveness. Once mixed, stability is preserved for up to 30 days.
Lyophilization, also known as cryodesiccation, is a specialized dehydration technique where peptides are frozen and then exposed to a vacuum (low pressure). This action causes the water content to change phase directly from ice to gas (sublimation), resulting in a stable, white crystalline powder known as the lyophilized peptide. This dry powder form is stable at room temperature until the moment it is reconstituted with bacteriostatic water.
For periods of extended storage, ranging from several months to years, the ideal condition is a freezer set at -80 degrees Celsius (-112 degrees Fahrenheit). This deep-freeze temperature is critical for preserving the peptide's structural integrity and guaranteeing long-term stability.
Upon receipt, peptides must be kept cool and protected from light. For short-term usage—spanning a few days, weeks, or months—refrigeration below 4 degrees Celsius (39 degrees Fahrenheit) is adequate. Lyophilized peptides typically maintain stability at room temperature for several weeks, making this acceptable for shorter storage durations prior to use.
Best Practices For Storing Peptides
Correct storage procedures are fundamentally important for ensuring the accuracy and reproducibility of laboratory experiments. Following proper storage guidelines helps to prevent contamination, oxidation, and degradation, thereby ensuring the peptides remain stable and effective throughout their experimental lifecycle. While some peptides are inherently more fragile than others, applying these best practices can significantly extend their shelf life and preserve their integrity.
Upon receiving the product, peptides should be stored in a cool place, shielded from light. For short-term requirements—ranging from a few days to several months—refrigeration below 4 degrees Celsius (39 degrees Fahrenheit) is appropriate. Lyophilized peptides generally remain stable at room temperature for several weeks, which is acceptable for shorter storage durations.
For the highest level of long-term preservation, extending over several months or years, peptides should be stored in a freezer at -80 degrees Celsius (-112 degrees Fahrenheit). This condition provides optimal stability and protection against structural breakdown.
It is also vital to reduce the frequency of freeze-thaw cycles, as these repeated temperature shifts can accelerate degradation. Furthermore, researchers should avoid using frost-free freezers because they incorporate temperature variations during their automatic defrost cycles, which can be detrimental to the stability of the peptide.
Preventing Oxidation and Moisture Contamination
Protecting peptides from air exposure and moisture is essential, as both elements can rapidly compromise stability. Moisture contamination is a significant risk, particularly when vials are removed from the freezer. To prevent condensation from forming on the cold peptide material or inside the container, always allow the vial to fully equilibrate to room temperature before opening it.
Minimizing air exposure is equally important for long-term integrity. The peptide container should remain closed as much as possible, and after removing the exact amount required for an experiment, it should be promptly and securely resealed. Storing the remaining peptide under a dry, inert gas atmosphere—such as nitrogen or argon—can provide an additional shield against oxidation. Peptides that contain cysteine (C), methionine (M), or tryptophan (W) residues are particularly vulnerable to air oxidation and must be handled with utmost care.
To ensure stability over time, researchers should avoid frequent thawing and refreezing. An effective strategy is to divide the total peptide quantity into multiple smaller aliquots, each dedicated to a single experiment. This approach prevents unnecessary exposure to air and repeated temperature changes, thereby maintaining the peptide's integrity.
Storing Peptides In Solution
Peptide solutions have a significantly shorter usable life compared to the lyophilized form and are more susceptible to bacterial degradation. Peptides containing residues such as cysteine (Cys), methionine (Met), tryptophan (Trp), aspartic acid (Asp), glutamine (Gln), or N-terminal glutamic acid (Glu) are known to degrade more rapidly when stored in liquid form.
If storage in solution is unavoidable, it is best to use sterile buffers with a pH range maintained between 5 and 6. The solution should be separated into aliquots to minimize the number of freeze-thaw cycles, which are known to accelerate degradation. When refrigerated at 4 degrees Celsius (39 degrees Fahrenheit), most peptide solutions can remain stable for up to 30 days. However, peptides with a history of lower stability should be kept frozen when not in immediate use to best preserve their structural integrity.
Peptide Storage Containers
Containers used for peptide storage must be clean, transparent, durable, and chemically inert. The container size should be appropriate for the peptide quantity to minimize excess air space. Both glass and plastic vials are suitable options; plastic containers are typically made from either polystyrene or polypropylene. Polystyrene vials offer high clarity for viewing but are limited in chemical resistance, while polypropylene vials offer better chemical resistance but are usually translucent.
High-quality glass vials provide the optimal combination of clarity, stability, and chemical inertness for peptide storage. However, peptides are often shipped in plastic containers to mitigate the risk of breakage during transit. Peptides can be safely transferred between glass and plastic vials as necessary to meet specific storage or handling requirements.
Peptide Storage Guidelines: General Tips
To uphold peptide stability and prevent degradation, follow these general best practices:
- Store peptides in an environment that is cold, dry, and dark.
- Avoid using repeated freeze-thaw cycles, as they compromise peptide integrity.
- Minimize all exposure to air to reduce the risk of oxidation.
- Protect peptides from light exposure, which can cause structural changes.
- Do not store peptides in solution long term; prioritize lyophilized storage whenever possible.
- Divide peptides into single-use aliquots based on your experimental plan to prevent unnecessary handling and exposure.
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